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This is a sub-page of Development:Pokémon Red and Blue/Localization Glossaries.

'...But does it make sense?'
The translations on this page need to be proofread. If you are fluent enough in this language, please make any corrections necessary!

The following information comes from the XLS sheet ★ポケモン監修用資料\ローカライズ関連\グロッサリ\北米\【赤青】北米経緯050530.xls in GFDocs.7z.

A few things to know:

  • Japanese names and words appear in italics
  • Translation notes appear in [brackets].
  • All of the names are in all-caps in the actual file.
  • Some entries have been re-ordered compared to how they appear in the XLS sheet. This is especially true for items, which are in index order in the sheet; these have been rearranged to group similar items together in the tables below.

Pokémon#

Rejected Names#

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Explanation

Reason for Rejection

トランセル
Transel

Kokoon

So named because it looks more like a cocoon or chrysalis than Cocoon does.

Metapod is better.

コクーン
Cocoon

Metapod

"Kokoon" was used for Transel because many people thought it was easier to see recognize that Pokémon as a cocoon. Those people also stated that in the process of evolving from a larval form to the adult stage, the insect's appearance reminded them of both cocoons and armor. So, the name comes from "pod" as in a shell or case. Caterpie metamorphoses to a pod, hence "Metapod". Also incorporates "metal", as its shell can be thought of as hard as metal.

Kokoon is better.

Kokoon

So named because it looks more like a cocoon or chrysalis than Cocoon does. [copy/pasted from Metapod's rejected name]

Kakuna is better.

ポッポ
Poppo

Pidge

There's no English equivalent to hatopoppo [A childish term for a pigeon]. "Pigeon" is the same as the abbreviated form, hato; to simplify the name and make it sound similar, the ending was changed to "dge". It sounds like "midge", giving the impression of something small, and has the same meaning.

(None given)

ピジョン
Pigeon

Pidgeot

(None given)

Pidgeotto is better.

ピジョット
Pigeot

Pidgeotto

(None given)

Pidgeot is better.

コラッタ
Koratta

Rattatak

"Mouse" is a household mouse, while "rat" is an outdoor mouse. "Rat" has a small, weak image; other Pokémon have a certain level of strength, so the name was extended to make it seem tougher and appeal more to its strength. It's easy to remember because it sounds rhythmic.

The "attack" part of the name is too blatant.

アーボ
Arbo

Naga Hiss

"Naga" is a common term for a long snake, and "hiss" is a sound that a snake makes (The Japanese equivalent would be shaaa [シャーッ])

It's too fantasy-like and too reminiscent of Magic: The Gathering.

Arbo

It sounds like the name of something and is easy to pronounce. It has two syllables and sounds like an English word, but it's not clear what it refers to. It could be a new species of animal, or the name of a virus. On the other hand, there shouldn't be a problem if "Arbo" appeared at the same time as the Pokémon sprite. Since the name and graphic are always displayed simultaneously in the game, there shouldn't be any confusion, but the name itself doesn't sound snakelike.

(None given)

アーボック
Arbok

Naga Asp

"Naga" is a common term for a long snake, and an "asp" is a venomous snake. When combined, it becomes a giant venomous snake. "Asp" has a stronger image than "hiss".

It's too fantasy-like and too reminiscent of Magic: The Gathering.

サンド
Sand

Sand

(None given; literal translation)

It's too bland and literal in meaning.

サンドパン
Sandpan

Sandstorm

We took into consideration its cool appearance, and that it's an evolved form of Sand.

(None given)

Sandpan

(None given; literal translation)

"Sandpan" comes across as "sand frying pan", which is nonsensical and difficult to understand.

ピッピ
Pippi

Aria

The name comes from the fact that its cry and movement of its fingers call to mind music and conductors. The name refers to a gorgeous solo piece performed in operas, etc.

(None given)

Fay

"Fay" is a small version of a fairy.

ピクシー
Pixy

Ariala

The name comes from the fact that its cry and movement of its fingers call to mind music and conductors. The name refers to a gorgeous solo piece performed in operas, etc. The "la" was added to express its strength. Some players may associate the "la" with the la from do-re-mi.

(None given)

Pixy

No change from the Japanese name.

ロコン
Rokon

Infernhex

From "Inferno" meaning flames, and "hex" meaning six (also sounds similar to "fox").

Rejected by legal.

Foxfire

"Foxfire" is a kind of glowing tree spirit in a fantastical forest (or lichen). The inclusion of "fox" makes it easy to imagine. We think this is a better choice.

プリン
Purin

Pudding

Japanese pudding is "custard". American pudding is similar to Japanese custard, but with a considerably diminished flavor.
"Pudding" is a product mainly intended for children, but everyone eats it, like cereal. American children are familiar with pudding from a young age, so it's sweet and familiar to them.
"Custard" is in contrast to pudding (It's a British food, so it has a more refined feel and is mostly eaten on holidays), but it's quite similar and is like a pudding for adults.

Jigglypuff is better.

Screampuff

Derived from "cream puff". Like in Japan, cream puffs are circular in shape, which is the inspiration behind the name. Adding an "s" to the beginning turns it into "scream" (shout), which can be used to represent a move. Adding "scream" makes it sound more monstrous. The head part is reminiscent of whipped cream, a food eaten by children. It's a more complex name than "Pudding". Based on the feel of the design.

プクリン
Pukurin

Custard

Japanese pudding is "custard". American pudding is similar to Japanese custard, but with a considerably diminished flavor.
"Pudding" is a product mainly intended for children, but everyone eats it, like cereal. American children are familiar with pudding from a young age, so it's sweet and familiar to them.
"Custard" is in contrast to pudding (It's a British food, so it has a more refined feel and is mostly eaten on holidays), but it's quite similar and is like a pudding for adults.

Wigglytuff is better.

Eeklair

Derived from "eclair". Like in Japan, eclairs are long and thin in shape, which is the inspiration behind the name. By adding an "e" to the beginning of the name, it turns into "eek", the sound of a small animal. Adding "eek" makes it sound more monstrous. The head part is reminiscent of whipped cream, a food eaten by children. It's a more complex name than "Custard". Based on the feel of the design.

ナゾノクサ
Nazonokusa

Ladish

Its shape closely resembles a garden radish (A small, red, stalk-like vegetable), and it's a new-and-improved [sic. Should be pre-evolved (進化以前), not new-and-improved (新改善)] Pokémon. Name is a combination of "radish" (From the garden radish) and "lad" (young man / boy). The pronunciations of "L" and "R" are quite different, so both characteristics are well-expressed.

We want to move away from its shape and instead emphasize incantations and that it's walking grass.

パラス
Paras

Parasyte

The Japanese name for the evolved form, Parasect ("parasite" + "insect") is great, so we wanted something along those lines. We wanted to keep the original feel of the name -- that it's the pre-evolution of Parasect -- but we wanted something more specific and easy to understand, so we changed the spelling to "Prasyte" [sic].

Rejected by legal.

ディグダ
Digda

Digda

The Japanese name is wonderful and makes sense: After you "dig" (present tense) something, it has been "dug" (past tense), and then it forms a "trio" (three). We didn't want to make it worse, so we left it as-is.

Name conflicts with Dig Dug.

ガーディ
Gardie

Flamie

The name is easy to understand: It combines "flame", giving the impression of being wrapped in flames, with the suffix "die", which makes it seem younger.

(None given)

ウインディ
Windie

Blaze

It's one of the best looking out of the 151 Pokémon, so we named it "Blaze" (flame). It's a cool name.

(None given)

Howlope

Taken from the words "howl" and "lope", a verb referring to the gait of a large animal (horses, etc.)

ニョロモ
Nyoromo

Aqua

Nyoromo is "Aqua", meaning water-related (The word "aqua" by itself doesn't make sense). The two-armed Nyorozo is "Aquanaut", an aquatic engineer (It gained arms and legs so now it's humanoid). For the strongest one, Nyorobon, we added "Marine", as in the Marine Corps. "Aquamarine" is also the name of a blue gemstone.

In contrast with other Pokémon, the impression that these names give seems too strong.

ニョロゾ
Nyorozo

Aquanaut

ニョロボン
Nyorobon

Aquamarine

ケーシィ
Casey

Hocus

The name was chosen with the intention of being a "mysterious word" that is familiar to children (similar to chichinpuipui in Japan).

Has the same name as a computer game; rejected due to trademark concerns.

Bibbidi

From "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo".

Conflicts with a Disney trademark; rejected due to trademark concerns.

ユンゲラー
Yungerer

Pocus

The name was chosen with the intention of being a "mysterious word" that is familiar to children (similar to chichinpuipui in Japan).

Has the same name as a computer game; rejected due to trademark conflicts.

Bobbidi

From "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo".

Conflicts with a Disney trademark; rejected due to trademark concerns.

ワンリキー
Wanriky

Kara-Tea

The selling point of these Pokémon is their strength, so these names are all plays on martial art styles that are generally considered strong in the United States. In the U.S., there's a deep-rooted misunderstanding of Japan, and these names were chosen to exploit that stereotype. The ranking was determined based on the perception that karate is usually seen as cheap, while judo, which is less familiar, is seen as the strongest (Actual strength was excluded in this case). The spellings have been modified slightly to give the names a twist.

(None given)

ゴーリキー
Goriky

Kung-Foo

カイリキー
Kairiky

Ju-Doh

メノクラゲ
Menokurage

Jilly

When Americans heard they word "jelly", they tend to think of jellyfish rather than the food. "Man O War" is a slang term for a giant jellyfish. It's a pretty cool American phrase that can also mean a giant battleship (from World War II). The battleship was also named after a kind of jellyfish. "Man O War" sounds so cool that it'd be a shame to change the spelling, so we left it as-is, and since it would be strange to only change the spelling of the pre-evolved form, we chose "Jilly".

(None given)

ドククラゲ
Dokukurage

Man O War

ギャロップ
Gallop

Gallop

(None given; literal translation)

Rejected by legal.

Trotta

"Trotta" because it's a galloping horse. The "ta" was added to match the pronunciation of its pre-evolution, Ponyta.

ヤドン
Yadon

Slowmo

It's easy to understand, and, combined with the sprite, players can quickly remember the name.

(None given)

Sloth

"Sloth" as in laziness.

It has the same meaning as a Christian commandment and there's no twist to it.

コイル
Coil

Coil

No changes made because the name is easy to understand based on its appearance.

(None given)

レアコイル
Rarecoil

Recoil

We named it "Recoil" because it's not cool to call it rare (regardless of whether it's actually rare or not) because this is a game about collectibles. The addition of "Re" to the name conveys the following: One, the act of pulling back a Choro-Q (to make it run / recharge); Two, returning or coming back [i.e. recoiling]; Three, the name includes the meaning of "three", etc.

(None given)

カモネギ
Kamonegi

Fowler

We explained the meaning of the Japanese name to Americans and they understood it, but after thinking hard about an equivalent expression we couldn't come up with anything, so we thought of this name. A "fowl" is a bird that has become accustomed to humans. It's more of a twist than just "bird".

Farfetch'd is better.

ドードー
Dodo

Dodo

No change. If a mythical bird with 1 head is called "Do", then 2 heads is "Dodo", and 3 heads is "Do" trio. It's very easy to understand.

Rejected by legal.

ジュゴン
Jugon

Manatee [sic]

"Manaty" as in the animal manatee. After evolution, since manatees are generally larger than seals.

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

ゴース
Ghos

Spirit

The name Ghost wasn't used because there's no other way to describe an obake Pokémon other than Ghost. "Spirit", as in the body of a ghost. Commonly used in everyday life (e.g. father and son spirit, etc.)

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

ゴースト
Ghost

Spectre

The name Ghost wasn't used because there's no other way to describe an obake Pokémon other than Ghost. "Spectre" is less commonly used than spirit, and is a more malicious version of that word.

ゲンガー
Gangar

Phantom

The name Ghost wasn't used because there's no other way to describe an obake Pokémon other than Ghost. "Phantom" is seen as larger than a spectre or spirit, and is seen as something harmful. (e.g. Phantom of the Opera). When it comes to "Phantm" [sic], there's the sense that it has some kind of substance.

Changed because "Spirit" and "Spectre" were rejected.

Grewsome

From "gruesome", meaning creepy or horrifying. "Grue" was changed to "grew" to emphasize that it's an evolved form. The word is associated with ghosts.

(None given)

スリープ
Sleepe

Sleeper

"Sleeper" means "one who sleeps" or "one who makes things sleepy". It looks sleepy and makes others sleepy too.

(None given)

タマタマ
Tamatama

Eggstreme

From "extreme", as in fierce. We added "egg" because it's shaped like eggs. We aimed for a mismatch between eggs, which are an everyday food, and the cool word "extreme". In Japan, this would translate to something like "violent eggs" [ranbou tamago].

(None given)

ナッシー
Nassy

Eggscution

From "excution" [sic], the act of executing someone. A name that inherits the unbalanced nature of the pre-evolution's name. In Japan, this would translate to something like "killer eggs" [satsujin tamago], in the sense of "Attack of the Killer Tomatoes". "Excution" [sic] is a stronger word.

(None given)

カラカラ
Karakara

Orphon

Since it's story in the game is a sad one, we wanted to give it a name to match that would also be easy to understand. Derived from "orphan". The "a" was changed to an "o", which also expresses its monstrous nature.

(None given)

ガラガラ
Garagara

Guardia

"Guardia" is a name that reflects its guardianship of Orphon. Rather, the "ia" at the end makes it sound more feminine (Like "Ladia" or "Nadia"). Orphon evolves into the stronger Guardia, hence the name.

(None given)

Grrtrude

From "grr", the growl of a wild animal, and "rude", meaning harsh or gruff.

Marrowmind

The name gives the impression of something that's bone-crazed.

Skeletorn

(None given)

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

サワムラー
Sawamular

Lee

In the United States, people see things more stereotypical than they do in Japan, which is why we chose these names. Asians are good at bare-handed martial arts -> Typical Asian names -> Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan. Even without knowing those two names, "Lee" and "Chan" are still typical Asian names in the United States.

These feel too much like people's names.

エビワラー
Ebiwalar

Chan

ベロリンガ
Beroringa

Tonguetyd

From "tongue tide" [sic], meaning something like "can't move their tongue around well" or "has trouble speaking clearly". Named for its humorous appearance.

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

ドガース
Dogars

Ny

These names were chosen because they brings to mind something dirty and dusty that are distinctly American. They're pronounced "Nai" and "La" and are named after New York City (Ny) and Los Angeles (La). These are two major cities that are very dirty; Los Angeles is sometimes said to the be dirtiest city in the United States. The names should be said as-is in the anime, and when they appear in text, phonetic symbols should be used so that readers can recognize that they're pronounced as "Nai" and "La."

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

Enwhy

Alphabetical reading of Ny: "En why".

Koffing is better.

マタドガス
Matadogas

La

These names were chosen because they brings to mind something dirty and dusty that are distinctly American. They're pronounced "Nai" and "La" and are named after New York City (Ny) and Los Angeles (La). These are two major cities that are very dirty; Los Angeles is sometimes said to the be dirtiest city in the United States. The names should be said as-is in the anime, and when they appear in text, phonetic symbols should be used so that readers can recognize that they're pronounced as "Nai" and "La."

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

Elay

Alphabetical reading of La: "El ay".

Weezing is better.

ラッキー
Lucky

Lucky

No change. Makes sense due to its low appearance rate, which makes the player fell lucky when they catch it.

Rejected due to trademark concerns. Could be used with a significantly different spelling, but the meaning of the name would be lost.

Enchansey

From the words "enchant" and "chance". It has an enchanting appearance.

(None given)

Chance

(None given)

Rejected due to trademark registration issues.

モンジャラ
Monjara

Medusa

Its shaggy appearance and use of moves like "Constrict" and "Bind" are reminiscent of the monster Medusa.

Meddosa is better.

Meddosa

Rejected by legal.

トサキント
Tosakinto

Goldy

From the word "goldfish". There are no other creatures associated with the word "gold", so that isn't a problem. "Goldy" is a childish way to say goldfish in America (Like calling a dog wanchan or a cat nyannyan in Japan).

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

トサキント
Azumao

Neptune

Named as such because its overwhelming appearance gives it the air of a sea king.

ヒトデマン
Hitodeman

Starmie

As a joke, Americans say, "We Americans think of ourselves first before we think of others." This is the reason why Starmie, "me", should appear before Staryu, "you". Also, adding "mie" to Starmie expresses childishness (Like children calling pajamas "jammie" or caterpillars "wormie").

Changed because the evolution's name changed.

スターミー
Starmie

Staryu

Calling it Starmie is better because it keeps the Japanese name.

ストライク
Strike

Stryke

No change. Its appearance brings to mind the word "strike" (Meaning hit or blow). Only the spelling was changed, because the "Y" makes it sounds cooler than it does with an "I".

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

ギャラドス
Gyarados

Skulkraken

To contrast with Magikarp, we gave it a cool name. From "skull" and "kraken", a sea monster. It has an intimidating face and a bone-crushing appearance, and the monstrous-sounding word "kraken" emphasizes its strength.

Rejected by legal.

ラプラス
Laplace

Ness

The name is similar to the Loch Ness Monster, but if we called it "Nessie", the name turns feminine. However, "Ness" is gender-neutral, so the image of the monster is left up to the player.

(None given)

メタモン
Metamon

Morpho

The meaning is similar to the Japanese name, "metal monster", but it was changed because Metamon is hard to pronounce, a bit of a jawbreaker. "Morpho" comes from the word "morphing", meaning it can freely change its form.
The Pokémon Morphon's English name is "Venomoth".

(None given)

イーブイ
Eievui

Eon

From the word "eon", meaning years. We named it as such because it grows using stones, but it takes time and effort, and we want players to imagine the various ways it can evolve.

Rejected by legal.

EV (E-V, E,V)

None given.

None given.

Evee

Eevy

オムナイト
Omnite

Ess

Before being revived, Omnite and Kabuto are displayed as kai no kaseki and koura no kaseki, respectively. In English, these would translate to "shellfish" and "shell", both of which are hard to fit on the DMG [Game Boy] screen. Therefore, the names of Omnite and Kabuto were shortened, and their fossil states were named "Old ___" to make them more meaningful.
Named "Ess" and "Kargo" because they look like the food escargot.

(None given)

Amnyte

"Omnite" is the same as オムナイト.

Amanyte

Omnyte

Rejected by legal.

オムスター
Omstar

Kargo

Before being revived, Omnite and Kabuto are displayed as kai no kaseki and koura no kaseki, respectively. In English, these would translate to "shellfish" and "shell", both of which are hard to fit on the DMG [Game Boy] screen. Therefore, the names of Omnite and Kabuto were shortened, and their fossil states were named "Old ___" to make them more meaningful.
Named "Ess" and "Kargo" because they look like the food escargot. Also taken from the word "cargo", meaning luggage, because it gives the impression of carrying something on its back.

(None given)

Amstar

"Star" is spelled the same way.

Amastar

Omstar

Rejected by legal.

カブト
Kabuto

Att

Before being revived, Omnite and Kabuto are displayed as kai no kaseki and koura no kaseki, respectively. In English, these would translate to "shellfish" and "shell", both of which are hard to fit on the DMG [Game Boy] screen. Therefore, the names of Omnite and Kabuto were shortened, and their fossil states were named "Old ___" to make them more meaningful.
From a sea-related word, "Atlantis".

(None given)

Scaraphace

From "carapace", a word for the shell of a crustacean, and "face".

Shelfacian

From "shell" and "face".

カブトプス
Kabutops

Lantis

Before being revived, Omnite and Kabuto are displayed as kai no kaseki and koura no kaseki, respectively. In English, these would translate to "shellfish" and "shell", both of which are hard to fit on the DMG [Game Boy] screen. Therefore, the names of Omnite and Kabuto were shortened, and their fossil states were named "Old ___" to make them more meaningful.
From a sea-related word, "Atlantis". The name is also a play on the word "mantis", since it looks like a praying mantis.

(None given)

Crushacian

From "crustacean" and "crush", as in smashing or breaking something.

Tearapace

(None given)

プテラ
Ptera

Ptera

No change. The spelling was not changed because it's easy to understand that it's named after the Pteranodon.

Rejected by legal.

Flapasaur

From "flap", as in flying, and "saur", as in dinosaur.

Dinoswoop

From "dino", as in dinosaur, and "swoop", a verb for when something flying in the sky (birds, etc.) quickly descends.

ミニリュウ
Miniryu

Dragoon

Taken from "dragoon", a kind of soldier. Since it's a rank and file soldier and not an actual dragon, it gives a slightly weak impression. By playing around with the word "dragon", a draconic image is maintained even if it's small.

(None given)

ハクリュー
Hakuryu

Dragyn

From "gin", an alcoholic drink with a somewhat strong image. The actual spelling is "g-i-n", but we've changed it to "g-y-n", which gives a stronger impression. By playing around with the word "dragon", a draconic image is maintained even if it's small.

(None given)

Dragurbane

From "dragon" and "urbane", meaning elegant / graceful.

Rejected by legal.

Dragallant

From "dragon" and "gallant", meaning great / prosperous.

Finalized Names#

This localization process was described in a March 2025 VGHF interview with Gail Tilden (then newly appointed "Vice President of Brand Management" at Nintendo of America).

Gail Tilden: So the guy that can be credited for the localization, his name is Hiro Nakamura. He is the person who’s responsible for all of the English names. [...]

[He] would have to submit three names, the names of each of the Pokémon. So let’s say it’s Charmander, Charmleon, Charizard. He’d have to submit three groups of three and explain why they matched with the concept that was in Japan. And he was very diligent, [to] make sure he was getting the right colloquialisms, etc. So anyway, you have him to thank for how well all of that turned out.

(Source: Video Game History Foundation - A fireside chat with Gail Tilden)

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Katakana

Explanation

フシギダネ
Fushigidane

Bulbasaur

バルバゾァ

From "bulb", as in a plant bulb. It looks like a frog, but it also looks like a four-legged creature, which gives it a lumbering appearance. Also, the fact that it's carrying a bulb-like object on its back gives the impression that it's less mature than Ivysaur and Venusaur, and the two words rhyme as well.

フシギソウ
Fushigisou

Ivysaur

アイヴィゾァ

From the plant "ivy". Makes it seem like it's grown from a bulb to a certain extent. Since Ivysaur can learn Vine Whip at Level 13, one could claim that it's plant-based.

フシギバナ
Fushigibana

Venusaur

ヴィーナゾァ

"Venus" as in venus fry trap [sic], not the planet Venus. Gives the impression that it's stronger than Bulbasaur and Ivysaur.

ヒトカゲ
Hitokage

Charmander

チャーマンダー

From "char", meaning to burn something until blackened, and "salamander". In the United States, salamanders have a weaker image than dragons and lizards.

リザード
Lizardo

Charmeleon

チャーミリオン

From "char", meaning to burn something until blackened. The name closely resembles "chameleon", so they're consistent in all being reptiles.

リザードン
Lizardon

Charizard

チャリザード

From "char", meaning to burn something until blackened. Adding "lizard" gives it an evolved feel.

ゼニガメ
Zenigame

Squirtle

スクァートル

A combination of "squirt", a cute but popular water gun that children play with, and "turtle". In the United States, kids think that water guns are cool.

カメール
Kameil

Wartortle

ウォートータル

"Turtle" changed into "tortle". "War" (battling) was added to give it a stronger impression than Squirtle. The pronunciation is close to "water" which helps to indicate its type.

カメックス
Kamex

Blastoise

ブラストイス

From the word "tortoise", another name for turtles. The visual impression of firing water from its cannons got us "blast", then we combined them to get "Blastoise". Adding "tortoise" made it easier to pronounce than it would adding "turtle".

キャタピー
Caterpie

Caterpie

キャタピー

We guessed the the original name was derived from "caterpillar", and since that was a cool twist on the word, we decided it would be fine if we left it as-is.
(It makes sense that when Caterpie (pie) grows up, it evolves into Butterfree (without fat). In the United States, as people grow older, they tend to eat fewer oily foods.)

トランセル
Transel

Metapod

メタポッド

Many people stated that in the process of evolving from a larval form to the adult stage, the insect's appearance reminds them of both cocoons and armor. So, if we combine this with "pod", meaning shell, we get "Metapod", or a pod that goes through metamorphosis. The "meta" can also represent that it's as hard as "metal".

バタフリー
Butterfree

Butterfree

バタフリー

The name has a good sense of childishness to it, so we left it as-is.
(It makes sense that when Caterpie (pie) grows up, it evolves into Butterfree (without fat). In the United States, as people grow older, they tend to eat fewer oily foods.)

ビードル
Beedle

Weedle

ウィードル

While Beedle comes from "beetle", the English name comes from its closer resemblance to a "weevil". Also, it eats "weeds" and has "needles" on its body.

コクーン
Cocoon

Kakuna

カクーナ

The pronunciation is very similar to "cocoon". Approved by legal.

スピアー
Spear

Beedrill

ビードリル

From "bee" and "drill". It also rhymes with Weedle.

ポッポ
Poppo

Pidgey

ピッジィ

Since there's no easily recognizable English word for the Japanese hatopoppo, we changed its name to the animal it's based on to make it easier for players to make that association. We changed the ending to "dge" to make the fact that it's a contraction of "pigeon" more apparent, and to make it sound similar in pronunciation. Then, we added a "y" to the end to create "Pidgey", which makes the name cuter. It also sounds similar to "midge", making it easy to understand that it's a small Pokémon.

ピジョン
Pigeon

Pidgeotto

ピジョットォ

"Pigeotto" [sic] is the strongest stage, and the suffix "tto" makes the player think of an older person, like old man Gepetto in Pinocchio. [This description originated from a time before Pidgeotto and Pidgeot's names were swapped.]

ピジョット
Pigeot

Pidgeot

ピジョット

We decided on "Pigeot" [sic] because it's pronounced the same as the Japanese name. Pigeon's name was the last to be decided; its name was swapped with Pigeot's.

コラッタ
Koratta

Rattata

ラタタ

A "rat" is a word for a type of rodent ("Mouse" is a household mouse, while "rat" is an outdoor mouse), and adding "attack" gave us the name above. "Rat" has a small, weak image; other Pokémon have a certain level of strength, so the name was extended to make it seem tougher and appeal more to its strength. Also, when pronounced, it has a rhythmic sound (rattatta) that makes it easy to remember. The "k" was removed from "attack" to avoid being too obvious.

ラッタ
Ratta

Raticate

ラティケイト

Chosen because it's a powered-up version of Koratta. "Raticate" comes from "eradicate", meaning to destroy or kill something. "Attack" is weaker than "eradicate".

オニスズメ
Onisuzume

Spearow

スピアロウ

From the words "spear" and "sparrow". Its use of "Peck" and "Drill Beak" brings to mind a spear. The way it's pronounced makes it seem like a new bird species.

オニドリル
Onidrill

Fearow

フィアロウ

From the words "fear" and "sparrow". The wordplay conjures up a strong image.

アーボ
Arbo

Ekans

イーカンズ

If you phonetically reverse Arbok you get "cobra", which expresses that it's a snake. Taking the same approach, we reversed the spelling of "snake" to get "Ekans". In Japan, the way to write a snake sound is shaaa, but in America it's expressed with an "s", so the "s" in "Ekans" emphasizes a snake-like sound.

アーボック
Arbok

Arbok

アーボック

It sounds like the name of something and is easy to pronounce. It has two syllables and sounds like an English word, but it's not clear what it refers to. It could be a new species of animal, or the name of a virus. On the other hand, there shouldn't be a problem if "Arbo" appeared at the same time as the Pokémon sprite. Since the name and graphic are always displayed simultaneously in the game, there shouldn't be any confusion, but the name itself doesn't sound snakelike. [This is copy-pasted from the rejected name "Arbo" and doesn't necessarily give the actual explanation.]

ピカチュウ
Pikachu

Pikachu

ピカチュウ

It's become so well-known that it seems inadvisable to change it, so we left it as-is.

ライチュウ
Raichu

Raichu

ライチュウ

No change due to consistency concerns.

サンド
Sand

Sandshrew

サンドシュリュウ

We left the name Sand as it was and added "shrew", a small animal with a pointy nose, based on its cute appearance. Animals with flat noses (like pugs) are not called "shrews".

サンドパン
Sandpan

Sandslash

サンドスラッシュ

From "slash", meaning to cut. It fits well with its appearance and the moves it uses.

ニドラン♀
Nidoran♀

Nidoran♀

ニドランフィメール

No changes because the names are understood in English. "Nido" comes from needle, and "ran" is used to emphasize its monstrous nature. Gender is also clearly understood.

ニドリーナ
Nidorina

Nidorina

ニドリナ

ニドクイン
Nidoqueen

Nidoqueen

ニドクイン

ニドラン♂
Nidoran♂

Nidoran♂

ニドランメール

ニドリーノ
Nidorino

Nidorino

ニドリノ

ニドキング
Nidoking

Nidoking

ニドキング

ピッピ
Pippi

Clefairy

クレフェアリー

The two words that comprise its name were chosen based on its musical association through the moves "Sing" and "Metronome" and because it looks like a fairy. From "clef", as in "C clef" and "F clef" (toonkigou and heonkigou in Japanese), and "Fairy". The approach we took was music-loving fairies living in a secluded place.

ピクシー
Pixy

Clefable

クレフェイブル

The two words that comprise its name were chosen based on its musical association through the moves "Sing" and "Metronome" and because it looks like a fairy. From "clef", as in "C clef" and "F clef" (toonkigou and heonkigou in Japanese), and "Fable", another term for a fairy tale. The approach we took was a music-loving fairy living in a secluded place.

ロコン
Rokon

Vulpix

ヴァルピックス

We searched for a way to somehow include the number six from Rokon and the fox's kon [a barking sound] and got "Vulpix". This name combines the English words "vulpine" and "six".
"Vulpine" is another name for a fox in English. Usually we just use the word "fox", but we decided to use a less common word here. It's a difficult word for children, but they'll understand what the word means as they get older. The combination of "vulpine" and "six" sounds good, so "vulp" + "six" = "Vulpix".

キュウコン
Kyukon

Ninetales

ナインテールズ

The name means that it has nine tails and nine tales (stories). Lets players use their imagination.

プリン
Purin

Jigglypuff

ジグリィパフ

Another way to say "bounce" in English is "jiggle" or "wiggle". These words describe jelly shaking around, or something that's squishy or plump. "Wiggglle" [sic] has a slightly stronger bounce than "jiggle".
"Puff" is the name of a spherical plant (The full name is "common puffball", but Americans might perceive that differently) and has the image of smoke coming out of something. Also from the word "cream puff".
"Jiggly" rhymes with "wiggly", and "puff" and "tuff" make these names easy to remember. The key concept here is "bouncing".

プクリン
Pukurin

Wigglytuff

ウィグリィタフ

Another way to say "bounce" in English is "jiggle" or "wiggle". These words describe jelly shaking around, or something that's squishy or plump. "Wiggglle" [sic] has a slightly stronger bounce than "jiggle".
"Tuff" comes from the word "tough", as in "Jigglypuff is tough" (meaning stronger; it doesn't have the macho image it does in Japan). This makes it easy to understand that it's evolved.
"Jiggly" rhymes with "wiggly", and "puff" and "tuff" make these names easy to remember. The key concept here is "bouncing".

ズバット
Zubat

Zubat

ズバット

The original name is quite monster-like. Some people could think of it as a Pokémon ("bat") that escaped from a "zoo". "Zoobat" would be too obvious, and "Zobat" would be prounounced "zoh bat", so we kept the Japanese name.

ゴルバット
Golbat

Golbat

ゴルバット

Since the name sounds monstrous and stronger than Zubat, we left it as-is.

ナゾノクサ
Nazonokusa

Oddish

オディッシュ

Its shape closely resembles a garden radish (A small, red, stalk-like vegetable), and it's a pre-evolved Pokémon, so we combined "radish" and "odd", meaning strange or bizarre.

クサイハナ
Kusaihana

Gloom

グルーム★

From "gloom", as in gloomy or melancholy. Picked because of the negative(?) image of its moves, like Poisonpowder, Stun Spore, and Absorb. The name sounds similar to mushroom (or "shroom" for short), and it matches its appearance as well.

ラフレシア
Ruffresia

Vileplume

ヴァイルプルーン

From "vile", meaning nasty or vulgar, and "plume", a feather ornament on a luxurious hat. It rhymes with Gloom and is easy to remember.

パラス
Paras

Paras

パラス

Same as the Japanese name.

パラセクト
Parasect

Parasect

パラセクト

The Japanese name for the evolved form, Parasect, is great ("parasite" + "insect"), so we stuck with it.

コンパン
Kongpang

Venonat

ヴェノナット

From "venom", meaning poison, and "gnat", a name for flying insects, mosquitoes, and blackflies (the "g" is silent). It uses Poisonpowder and Stun Spore, and the "gnat" conveys a certain sense of weakness before it evolves. The "g" was removed to improve the flow of the name.

モルフォン
Morphon

Venomoth

ヴェノモス

From "venom", meaning poison, and "moth". The bug's shape changes into a moth, so we added "moth", but there's no change in the type of moves it uses, so "venom" remains the same.

ディグダ
Digda

Diglett

ディグレット

From "dig" and "let", meaning a small animal or a smaller version of something (e.g. "piglet" is a small pig). This is different from the "let" in "Let's go!"

ダグトリオ
Dugtrio

Dugtrio

ダグトリオ

The Japanese name is wonderful and makes sense: After you "dig" (present tense) something, it has been "dug" (past tense), and then it forms a "trio" (three). We didn't want to make it worse, so we left it as-is.

ミャウス
Nyarth

Meowth

ミャウス

Taking into consideration that it frequently appears in the anime and the younger audience that watches said anime, the only change was adding "meow", which is the English equivalent of nyaa. It's the easiest way to indicate that it's a cat.

ペルシアン
Persian

Persian

ぺルシアン

Based on the impression of the Bond villain cat (Team Rocket's boss' cat) in the anime, we decided that there was no need to change the name.

コダック
Koduck

Psyduck

サイダック

"Psyduck" is a play on the word "psychic" because it can learn techniques such as Disable. "Duck" also denotes that it's a Water-type.

ゴルダック
Golduck

Golduck

ゴルダック

The combination of luxurious "gold" and the word "duck" expresses that it has evolved, even though it's not actually gold. As such, we've kept it the same as the Japanese name.

マンキー
Mankey

Mankey

マンキー

The pre-evolved form is left as is: "man" + "key" (The "missing ling [sic]" that's the key to humanity). In contrast to that, "Primeape" contains the word "ape", which includes monkeys. "Prime" means #1 or best. Also comes from "primates" (a group which includes humans). The rhyming makes it very easy to understand. By reverting to a primeval state, it can showcase its strength. If "Mankey" and "Primeape" were reversed, it would seem unnatural.

オコリザル
Okorizaru

Primeape

プライメイプ

ガーディ
Gardie

Growlithe

グロウリス

From "grow" [sic. Japanese translation in document is うなる, meaning growl] and "lithe", referring to the flexibility of a puppy.

ウインディ
Windie

Arcanine

アルケーナイン

This is a different approach from the Japanese name, but a different way to say dog in English is "canine". This is often written as K-9 and broadly refers to a police dog, but originally it just meant a dog. It's slightly more elaborate than just saying "dog". The word before "canine" comes from the word "arcane", which means mysterious. We combined the two words because we thought it would make a fitting name for a "legendary Pokémon".

ニョロモ
Nyoromo

Poliwag

ポリワッグ

From "polliwog", meaning tadpole, and "polliwog" [sic. Should be "wag"], as in wagging a tail. They sound almost the same.

ニョロゾ
Nyorozo

Poliwhirl

ポリワール

From word "polliwog", meaning tadpole, and "whirl", as in a whirlpool or spinning around, like in a washing machine. Refers to the whirling pattern on its belly. The name seems less powerful than "Aqua" and is a better fit with other Pokémon names.

ニョロボン
Nyorobon

Poliwrath

ポリラース

From "polliwog", meaning tadpole, and "wrath", meaning anger or rage. So, "Poliwrath" would mean the strongest tadpole. This name has the most powerful image of the three, but it's still in balance with other Pokémon names.

ケーシィ
Casey

Abra

アブラ

The names were chosen with the intention of being "mysterious words" familiar to children. In Japanese, this would be chichinpuipui. We divided it in two, with the last one, "Alakazam", being used in the magic words "Hocus pocus alakazam!", a phrase often used by American magicians. Alakazam in particular is a signature word when performing magic tricks, so it matches well with Abra and Kadabra. It's easy to say "Abra, Kadabra, Alakazam".

ユンゲラー
Yungerer

Kadabra

カダブラ

フーディン
Foodin

Alakazam

アラカザム

The names that were chosen originally had to be changed due to a trademark infringement with Disney. Since using a real person's name is not permitted in the United States due to trademark restrictions, the new names were chosen with the intention of being "mysterious words" familiar to children (similar to chichinpuipui in Japan). "Alakazam" is a word used in the magic phrase "Hocus pocus alakazam!", a phrase often used by American magicians. Alakazam in particular is a signature word when performing magic tricks, so we applied it to Foodin.

フーディン
Wanriky

Machop

マチョップ

We used the word "macho" to evoke muscle, and the words "chop", "choke", and "champ" bring to mind fighting and hand-to-hand combat. This also expresses a degree of strength, with the image of a man using nothing but his own body as a weapon.

ワンリキー
Goriky

Machoke

マチョーク

ゴーリキー
Kairiky

Machamp

マチャンプ

マダツボミ
Madatsubomi

Bellsprout

ベルスプラウト

People around here feel that the shape of Madatsubomi resembles a bell rather than a bud. The name "Bellsprout" comes from the fact that the bell has sprouted.

ウツドン
Utsudon

Weepinbell

ウィーピンベル

Bellsprout evolves into Weepinbell. The origin of the name is the "weeping willow" tree, which is slightly thicker than the Japanese willow.

ウツボット
Utsubot

Victreebel

ヴィクトリーベル

Victreebel is an evolution of Weepinbell. It's easy for children to remember because it resembles the Liberty Bell. The Liberty Bell is a symbolic, real-life bell that was rung to mark the start of autumn at the time of the United States' Declaration of Independence.

メノクラゲ
Menokurage

Tentacool

テンタクール

From "tentacle" and "cool", as in stylish.

ドククラゲ
Dokukurage

Tentacruel

テンタクルール

From "tentacle" and "cruel", as in brutal or fiendish (strength after evolution).

イシツブテ
Isitsubute

Geodude

ジオデュード

From "geode" a cooled volcanic rock; when broken open, you'd find something like amethyst instead. Gives the impression of being a slightly larger rock; it's about the same size as a geode, maybe smaller. "Dude" is from the greeting "Hey dude" that often appears in American movies. Combining the two gives it a youthful, childlike image, acting as a balance to Golone and Golonya.

ゴローン
Golone

Graveler

グラベラー

Geodude is a single unit, while "gravel" is small fragments of rock. It was named as such due to its earthy nature and the fact that it's larger than a "geode".

ゴローニャ
Golonya

Golem

ゴーレム

It's a strong earthen monster, but no one seems to have a concrete impression of it, so we named it "Golem".

ポニータ
Ponyta

Ponyta

ポニータ

No changes because its appearance makes the name easy to understand.

ギャロップ
Gallop

Rapidash

ラピダッシュ

No changes because its appearance makes the name easy to understand [copy/pasted from Ponyta description; actual etymology is missing].

ヤドン
Yadon

Slowpoke

スロウポウク

"Slowpoke", as in dullard (not used often in daily life). Also, taken from the words "slow" and "poke", which has a pork-like image due to its similar pronounciation. Additionally, "poke" = Pokémon. We picked the name because it can be interpreted many different ways.

ヤドラン
Yadoran

Slowbro

スローブロ

Very easy to understand, and, when combined with the sprite, players can easily remember its name. "Bro" as in brother or partner; they coexist with Shellder. All of these points, plus the fact that the words rhyme, is why we chose the name "Slowbro".

コイル
Coil

Magnemite

マグネマイト

From "magnet" and "mite", meaning small.

レアコイル
Rarecoil

Magneton

マグネトン

From "magnet" and "ton", a plural word (e.g. "Tons of candy" means many pieces of candy).

カモネギ
Kamonegi

Farfetch'd

ファーフェッチド

The U.S. version is based on [JP] Blue, so the graphic shows Kamonegi with a leek in its mouth. When we conducted an internal survey to find out what the "leek" looks like, most people said that the leek looked like a stick. In the United States, "fetch" means going to get something. This includes throwing a stick and the like for something to bring it back. While a four-legged animal would be able to quickly fetch something thrown in its vicinity, if it could fly it would be able to go even farther ("far"), so we combined the words to get "farfetched".
It can pick up sticks from a long distance. We combined this with a word from the dictionary, "farfetched", meaning something is forced or a stretch. The name further comes to life if someone knows the origin of the Japanese name, Kamonegi. "Farfetched" didn't have a twist to it, so we added an apostrophe to make it more unique. The pronunciation didn't change, and this made Farfetch'd the only Pokémon with an apostrophe in its name.

ドードー
Dodo

Doduo

ドードュオ

The first part is "do", and two "do"s is reminiscent of a "duo". Dodrio (three "do"s) has the same meaning.

ドードリオ
Dodrio

Dodrio

ドードリオ

No change. If a mythical bird with 1 head is called "Do", then 2 heads is Dodo, and 3 heads is "Do" trio. It's very easy to understand.

パウワウ
Pawou

Seel

スィール★

From the animal, "seal".

ジュゴン
Jugon

Dewgong

デュゴン

Going back to the Japanese name, we've used the original spelling: Jugon = "jugong". It's not a well-known species, but this is a good opportunity to get people to learn about it. "Dew" comes from water dew, since it's a water Pokémon.

ベトベター
Betbeter

Grimer

グライマー

From the word "grime", as in filth, soot, gunk (Does not mean sticky [betabeta]). Positioned as "something dirty".

ベトベトン
Betbeton

Muk

マック★

From the word "muck", as in dung, filth. Emphasizes that it's dirtier than "grime". There was no twist to the name, so we dropped the "c" to get "Muk"; the pronounciation is the same. The idea is that you wouldn't want to touch it.

シェルダー
Shellder

Shellder

シェルダー

The name is cool and easily understood, so it wasn't changed.

パルシェン
Parshen

Cloyster

クロイスター

From "cluster", meaning a bunch of something, and "oyster". Parshen is protected by two shells and the protruding surface looks like an oyster, hence the name.

ゴース
Ghos

Gastly

ガストリー

Due to the change in Gengar's name [originally changed to "Phantom"], the names of Ghos and Ghost were also changed.
This Pokémon's name has a double meaning: it's based on the word "ghastly", and since it's a "Gas Pokémon", the word "gas" was added, slightly altering the spelling to "Gastly". The word "ghastly" means horrifying or frightening.

ゴースト
Ghost

Haunter

ハウンター

Due to the change in Gengar's name [originally changed to "Phantom"], the names of Ghos and Ghost were also changed.
Unfortunately, we couldn't keep the name Ghost because it's a ubiquitous word. We picked the word "haunt", which seems stronger than "Gastly". It means "visit by ghost" or "curse". One example of its use would be The Haunted Mansion at Disneyland. Adding "er" to this word denotes that it's something that haunts.

ゲンガー
Gangar

Gengar

ゲンガー

Gengar remains the same as its Japanese name, which comes from the word doppelganger.

イワーク
Iwark

Onix

オニキス

Based on the mineral "onyx". It's a shiny black stone Pokémon, so the name is easy to remember.

スリープ
Sleepe

Drowzee

ドロウズィ

Taken from the word "drowsy", meaning sleepy or inducing sleepiness. We chose this word because of the double meaning: It means both making something else sleepy, or making itself appear sleepy.

スリーパー
Sleeper

Hypno

ヒプノ

From "hypnosis", the action of making someone hypnotized. "Sleep" means "to sleep" or "being asleep", but we instead used the first few letters create the name "Hypno", which leaves a strong impression.

クラブ
Crab

Krabby

クラビィ

From "crab" and "crabby", as in grumpy; when it first appeared in the anime, it pinched Satoshi with its pincers. The "c" was changed to a "k" to make it sound cooler.

キングラー
Kingler

Kingler

キングラー

The name immediately makes one think of a king crab, so we left it as-is.

ビリリダマ
Biriridama

Voltorb

ヴォルトオーブ

From "volt", as in voltage, and "orb". Gives the impression that it's smaller than Electrode.

マルマイン
Marumine

Electrode

エレクトロード

From "electorode" [sic], "electric", and "ode" (A word that is prounounced similarly to "globe"). Gives the impression that it's bigger than Voltorb.

タマタマ
Tamatama

Exeggcute

エグゼキュート

The origin of the name is the word "execute". We added "egg" because they're shaped like eggs, so it became "Exeggcute". We aimed to make a mismatch by adding the word "execute" to eggs, a common food. If we had to translate it to Japanese, it would be something like "ranbou tamago [violent eggs]". By changing the spelling of "execute" and adding "cute" to the end, we can make the name itself cuter.

ナッシー
Nassy

Exeggutor

エグゼグター

The origin of the name is the word "execute". We added "egg" because they're shaped like eggs, so it became "Exeggcute". We aimed to make a mismatch by adding the word "execute" to eggs, a common food. If we had to translate it to Japanese, it would be something like "ranbou tamago [violent eggs]". By adding "tor" to "execute", it turns into "one who --- [JP: ○×者]". "Egg" is in the name "Exeggutor".

カラカラ
Karakara

Cubone

キュボーン

We heard that the origin of the name karakara is the sound of bones rattling, so we chose a name that emphasizes both bones and that it's a pre-evolution of Garagara. The name is made of two words.
The two words are "cub" and "bone". "Cub" means a young or small animal. Incidentally, the English name of Kozure Ookami is "Lone Wolf and Cub". The word "cub" doesn't refer to any specific animal; any young animal can be classified as a cub. Combining this word with "bone" gives "Cubone".

ガラガラ
Garagara

Marowak

マロワック

We heard that the origin of the name karakara is the sound of bones rattling, so we chose a name that emphasizes both bones and that it's a pre-evolution of Garagara. The name is made of two words.
Like Karakara, this name is based on bones. It's a combination of "marrow" and "wak": "Marrow" is from bone marrow, and "wak" is a play on "whack". "Whack" means to hit or smack something with a stick, etc. It brings to mind words like "BANG!" or "WHAM!" from American comics. So, we mixed "marrow" and "whack" together, then altered the spelling slightly, to get "Marowak".

サワムラー
Sawamular

Hitmonlee

ヒットモンリー

They are strongest when using unarmed attacks, which they use to overwhelm opposing Pokémon. Based on this approach, the word "hitman" came to mind. However, since its opponents are not men, but Pokémon, we inserted "mon" to make it "hitmon". We then added a name to the end that matches that Pokémon's appearance. "Hitman" is a bit intense, but "hitmon" is milder and better fits the tone of the game.

エビワラー
Ebiwalar

Hitmonchan

ヒットモンチャン

ベロリンガ
Beroringa

Lickitung

リキタング

From "lick" and "tongue". The last "g" sound like "guh [ガ]".

ドガース
Dogars

Koffing

コッフィング

From "coughing", the sound you make when you cough. The spelling was changed.

マタドガス
Matadogas

Weezing

ウィージング

From "wheezing", the sound made when you have asthma, or when inhaling dust, similar to gasping. The spelling was changed.

サイホーン
Saihorn

Rhyhorn

ライホーン

Basically, there were no changes. Sai is "rhinoceros" (commonly known as "rhino"), so "sai" becomes "rhy". "Horn" and "don" also bring out the monstrous nature of these names. "Rhydon" is also "ride on", 景気が良くなる。

サイドン
Saidon

Rhydon

ライドン

ラッキー
Lucky

Chansey

チャンスィ

From the word "chance".

モンジャラ
Monjara

Tangela

タンジェラ

The word monjara [sic?] would be "tangle" in the U.S., which means to be mixed up or intertwined. We came up with "Tangela" because we wanted to end it with a "la/ra" like Monjara.

ガルーラ
Garura

Kangaskhan

カンガスカーン

At first glance, it looks like a kangaroo, but it has an intense expression, so the name is a play on Genghis Khan. From another angle, these could be the name of the two creatures, with "Kanga" the parent and "Khan" the child. We leave it up to the player's imagination to decide.

タッツー
Tattu

Horsea

ホースィ

The name "Horsea" is a reversal of the word "sea horse", which is what it looks like. Has the same nuance, but the "see" sound at the end gives it a childish feeling (e.g. "doggy", "kitty", etc.)

シードラ
Seadra

Seadra

スィードラ

No changes needed.

トサキント
Tosakinto

Goldeen

ゴールディーン

From the animal known as "goldfish" in English. There's a feminine feeling to the name similar to other names like "Ilene".

アズマオウ
Azumaou

Seaking

シーキング

A dignified name among Water Pokémon. Taken from "sea", as in oceans, and "king". Also from "seeking", as in searching: This could be interpreted as it searching for a place to spawn.

ヒトデマン
Hitodeman

Staryu

スターユー

"Starmie" is a slightly different spelling of its Japanese name [presuming a romanization of "Starme"], while Hitodeman's English name is a play on the words "me" and "you".

スターミー
Starmie

Starmie

スターミー

バリヤード
Barrierd

Mr. Mime

ミスターマイム

While it creates barriers, it was named (in protest) because it's a "pantomiming" Pokémon. Also named as such because it's humanoid, unlike other Pokémon.

ストライク
Strike

Scyther

サイサー

From "scythe", a large agricultural tool used to cut grass. "Scyther" would mean someone who uses a scythe. The name sound similar to "slicer", which means cutter, so it fits well.

ルージュラ
Rougela

Jynx

ジンクス★

Its appearance gives a strong impression of sorcery; at first glance, it looks like a witch. The name is a play on the word "jinx", a word used in the United States that implies bad luck.

エレブー
Eleboo

Electabuzz

エレクタバズ

Taking advantage of the nuances of the Japanese name, we've changed "Ele" (which can be mistaken for elephant) to "Elect", and "boo" to "buzz" (an electric or low humming sound). Leaves a strong impression.

ブーバー
Boober

Magmar

マグマァ

From the appearances and the moves it uses, it's clear that it's a Fire-type Pokémon, so we wanted to give a name that sounded hot. Taken from the word "magma". By the extending the end of the word, it gives a strong impression to the player.

カイロス
Kairos

Pinsir

ピンサー

It's a Bug-type, two-horned Pokémon. The name comes from the word "pincers", which could mean either gripping tools, like tongs and pliers, or the claws of crabs & shrimp. The word is different from tweezers [pinsetto in Japan]. By adding the word "sir" to the end, players could imagine that it's actually polite.

ケンタロス
Kentauros

Tauros

タウロス

Basically, there were no changes. However, since Centaurus is a long name that is sometimes shortened to Taurus in the United States, we renamed it "Tauros". Both names have the same meaning.

コイキング
Koiking

Magikarp

マジカープ

We went in the same style as the Japanese name: It's called Koiking even though it's not kingly, so we named it "Magikapp" [sic] even though it's not magical. "Koi" has the same name in English, but since most people don't know that word, we used "carp" instead. It didn't sound cool as it was, so we changed the "c" to a "k".

ギャラドス
Gyarados

Gyarados

ギャラドス

Though the name has no English meaning, we decided to revert Gyarados back to its Japanese name [was previously renamed "Skulkraken"]; the voiced consonants make the name sound monstrous.

ラプラス
Laplace

Lapras

ラプラス

Same as the Japanese name. If you think of the "sound" and "meaning" of the name in English, the "plus" gives the image of something big. If you think of it in French, it becomes "la place", which in English means "the place" (a large place). We thought that both of these emphasize Lapras' unique trait of being a Pokémon large enough for people to ride on.

メタモン
Metamon

Ditto

ディトー

This is a straightforward name. "Ditto" is not a direct analogue to replication, but instead means "identical", idem, or "the same". It has the same nuance of copying something.

イーヴィー
Eievui

Eevee

イーヴィー

We were told that the origin of the Japanese name was "EV", as in "evolution". Combining that etymology with the image of a serial number, we came up with "Eevee". The name is symmetrical with a "v" in the center to emphasize the serial number feel.

シャワーズ
Showers

Vaporeon

ヴェイポリオン

Each of the three Eevee evolutions represents a type, making them easy to understand. The "eon" at the end of their names makes it clear that they're evolutions of Eevee.
From "vapor", as in steam; this is associated with the Water type.

サンダース
Thunders

Jolteon

ジョルティオン

Each of the three Eevee evolutions represents a type, making them easy to understand. The "eon" at the end of their names makes it clear that they're evolutions of Eevee.
From "jolt", as in shock and vibrations caused by electricity; this is associated with the Electric type.

ブースター
Booster

Flareon

フラリオン

Each of the three Eevee evolutions represents a type, making them easy to understand. The "eon" at the end of their names makes it clear that they're evolutions of Eevee.
From "flare", as in flame; this is associated with the Fire type.

ポリゴン
Porygon

Porygon

ポリゴン

No change. From the word "polygon", with the spelling changed from "l" to "r".

オムナイト
Omnite

Omanyte

オマナイト

"Omnite" [sic] is the same as オムナイト.

オムスター
Omstar

Omastar

オマスター

"Star" is spelled the same way.

カブト
Kabuto

Kabuto

カブト

No change.

カブトプス
Kabutops

Kabutops

カブトプス

プテラ
Ptera

Aerodactyl

エアロダクティル

The dinosaur known as pteranodon is more commonly known as "pterodactyl" in the United States. The latter part of the name, "dactyl", sounds very dinosaur-like in the U.S., so we added "aero", which means sky, to make "Aerodactyl".

カビゴン
Kabigon

Snorlax

スノアラックス

From "snore" and "lax", as in slack or slovenly. The name is from the snoring that comes from sleeping all the time, and from its charming but sloppy body and countenance.

フリーザー
Freezer

Articuno

アーティクノ

The Japanese name just means "ice", so we changed it.
From "artic", as in an artic region (like the North Pole). This is the basis for how these names were created: The type is easy to understand, and it saying it out loud feels natural. The words used are simple, so even children can understand.
We added "uno", "dos", and "tres" to the ends of Freezer, Thunder, and Fire; this is the Spanish equivalent to the English "one, two, three". I tried to make it obvious to people would understand.

サンダー
Thunder

Zapdos

ザプドス

The Japanese name just means "thunder", so we changed it.
From "zap", as in the sound effect for lightning used in American comics. This is the basis for how these names were created: The type is easy to understand, and it saying it out loud feels natural. The words used are simple, so even children can understand.
We added "uno", "dos", and "tres" to the ends of Freezer, Thunder, and Fire; this is the Spanish equivalent to the English "one, two, three". I tried to make it obvious to people would understand.

ファイヤー
Fire

Moltres

モルトレス

The Japanese name just means "ice" [sic], so we changed it.
From "molt", as in dissolving through heat. This is the basis for how these names were created: The type is easy to understand, and it saying it out loud feels natural. The words used are simple, so even children can understand.
We added "uno", "dos", and "tres" to the ends of Freezer, Thunder, and Fire; this is the Spanish equivalent to the English "one, two, three". I tried to make it obvious to people would understand.

ミニリュウ
Miniryu

Dratini

ドラティニ

The name was chosen based on the idea that it's a small dragon before evolution. "Dramini" would make it seem too small, so we combined "dragon" with "tiny", meaning small. The spelling was changed to "tini" to avoid being too direct.

ハクリュー
Hakuryu

Dragonair

ドラゴネア

From "dragon" and "debonair", a French word that refers to possessing an elegant and refined demeanor.

カイリュー
Kairyu

Dragonite

ドラゴナイト

From "dragon" and "knight" The concept isn't that of a human dressed as a dragon; rather, the dragon itself is the knight.

ミュウツー
Mewtwo

Mewtwo

ミュウツー

No change. Derived from "mutation". The approach used is just like the word "Pokémon".

ミュウ
Mew

Mew

ミュウ★

Moves#

Rejected Names#

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Explanation

Reason for Rejection

あくまのキッス
Demon's Kiss

Devil's Kiss

(None given; direct translation)

"Devil" has religious connotations and can't be used in the United States.

Sleep Kiss

Refers to the actual effect.

Lovely Kiss is better.

いあいぎり
Iai Cut

Cutting

(None given)

Rejected due to grammar issues.

かまいたち
Razor Wind

Bide

(None given)

Doesn't convey that it's a cutting wind.

がまん
Perservere

Hyper Bide

(None given)

Due to the above change, calling it just "Bide" is fine.

かみなりパンチ
Thunder Punch

Thunderjab

(None given)

We want to standardize all of the "punch" moves.

きあいだめ
Gather kiai

Death Trap

(None given)

Doesn't convey the accumulation of energy.

けたぐり
Kick Down

Kick

(None given)

"Kick" may appear in future games, so please keep this in the "___ Kick" format.

じごくぐるま
Hell Wheel

Sacrifice

(None given)

The name comes from a judo technique, and it's hard to imagine a humanoid Pokémon using such a move.

しびれごな
Numbing Powder

Paralyze

(None given)

The name doesn't convey that it's a powder move.

スプーンまげ
Spoon Bend

Dodge

(None given)

The name needs to be associated with Psychic-type Pokémon.

せいちょう
Growth

Boost

(None given)

"Boost" implies that something is accelerating.

たきのぼり
Waterfall Climb

Geyser

(None given)

Rejected in consideration of the next game.

タマゴうみ
Egg Lay

Nutrients

(None given)

The name doesn't imply that it's intended for egg-possessing Pokémon.

ちきゅうなげ
Earth Throw

Level Damage

(None given)

The name doesn't imply that it's intended for Pokémon that can throw.

つるぎのまい
Swords Dance

Double Boost

(None given)

A direct translation of the Japanese name is better.

どくどく
Excessive Poison

Poison

(None given)

The name should imply that it's "deadly poison"; there are other moves that inflict normal poisoning.

とっしん
Rush In

Impair

(None given)

(None given)

ドわすれ
Memory Lapse

Hyper Boost

(None given)

The name doesn't match the "?" graphic that appears in the animation.

ナイトヘッド
Night Head

Level Impair

(None given)

(None given)

はかいこうせん
Destruction Beam

Destruct Beam

(None given)

Doesn't feel strong and doesn't emphasize the "destruction" part.

はなびらのまい<br />Petal Dance

Flail

(None given)

(None given)

ピヨピヨパンチ
Chirpchirp Punch

Super Punch

(None given)

(None given)

ふみつけ
Trample

Stomping

(None given)

The name implies that stomps happens more than once.

まるくなる
Curl Up

Shield

(None given)

It'd be better if the name had a connection to round Pokémon like Chansey and Jigglypuff.

ロケットずつき
Rocket Headbutt

Rocket Fire

(None given)

The name is reminiscent of Fire-type moves.

Finalized Names#

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Katakana

Explanation

あくまのキッス
Demon's Kiss

Lovely Kiss

ラブリーキッス

Has a sweet feeling.

かまいたち
Razor Wind

Razor Wind

レーザーウィンド

Evokes the image of a cutting wind.

きあいだめ
Gather Kiai

Focus Energy

フォーカスエナジー

As in concentrating one's energy.

けたぐり
Kick Down

Low Kick

ローキック

Conveys someone kicking low.

ゴッドバード
God Bird

Sky Attack

スカイアタック

"Sky" gives a connection to bird Pokémon.

じごくぐるま
Hell Wheel

Submission

サブミッション

"Submission" is a kind of joint-locking technique. Brings to mind martial arts. Though Americans have some knowledge of judo and karate, there are no particularly well-known names for any of the techniques.

しびれごな
Numbing Powder

Stun Spore

スタンスポア

From "spore", as in pollen, and "stun", as in causing something to be shocked / disoriented. The name has a powdery feel to it.

すてみタックル
Audacious Tackle

Double-Edge

ダブルエッジ

From the term "double-edged sword", which gives an impression of a reckless tackle.

スプーンまげ
Spoon Bend

Kinesis

キネシス

Psychic powers like telekinesis or psychokinesis could be used, but since both words exceed the character limit, we decided to use the suffix "kinesis" to give it a certain atmosphere. It wouldn't be out of place when a spoon appears during the animation.

たきのぼり
Waterfall Climb

Waterfall

ウォーターフォール

This appear as a field move [in Gold & Silver] so the name helps people recognize its use with waterfalls.

タマゴうみ
Egg Lay

Softboiled

ソフトボイルド

"Hardboiled" could mean either hard-boiled egg or callous, but this isn't either of those, so we chose "softboiled", meaning half-boiled. It's a word associated with eggs.

ちきゅうなげ
Earth Throw

Seismic Toss

サイズミックトス

From "seismic", as in earthquakes, and "toss", as in throwing. This invokes the idea of throwing a large object to cause damage.

どくどく
Excessive Poison

Toxic

タクシク

From "toxic", meaning deadly poisonous.

どくどく
Liquefy

Acid Armor

アシッドアーマー

The name has a liquidous image.

とっしん
Rush In

Take Down

テイクダウン

The image is of lunging towards the enemy like a projectile to take them out.

ドわすれ
Memory Lapse

Amnesia

アムニージア

From "amnesia", as in memory loss.

ナイトヘッド
Night Head

Night Shade

ナイトシェード

"Night shade" as in evening curtains.

ねこにこばん
Coins to a Cat

Pay Day

ペイデイ

From a saying in the United States similar to neko ni koban.

ねんりき
Willpower

Confusion

コンフュージョン

Since it's the head that's confuses, we can tell that it's a Psychic-type attack and not a physical attack.

はかいこうせん
Destruction Beam

Hyper Beam

ハイパービーム

Emphasizes the "destruction" aspect.

はなびらのまい
Petal Dance

Petal Dance

ペタルダンス

Has a good sound to it.

ふみつけ
Trample

Stomp

ストンプ

Since the stomping only happens once.

まるくなる
Curl Up

Defense Curl

ディフェンスカール

"Defense Curl" means curling up to protect oneself. It's like crouching down when watching a scary movie.

ロケットずつき
Rocket Headbutt

Skull Bash

スカルバッシュ

Chosen because it sounds cooler than "Headbutt".

Items#

Rejected Names#

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Explanation

Reason for Rejection

モンスターボール
Monster Ball

Monster Ball

(None given; direct translation)

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

スーパーボール
Super Ball

Mid Ball

(None given)

(None given)

Super Ball

(None given; direct translation)

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

ハイパーボール
Hyper Ball

Hyper Ball

(None given; direct translation)

Rejected due to trademark concerns.

いいキズぐすり
Good Wound Medicine

Good Potion

(None given)

"Super Potion" is better.

Mid Potion

(None given)

(None given)

かいふくのくすり
Recovery Medicine

Restore Potion

(None given)

Name exceeds the character limit.

なんでもなおし
Heal-All

All Heal

(None given)

(None given)

ピーピーエイド
PP Aid

PP Aid

(None given; direct translations)

These items could get confused with Point Up, which is "PP Up" in English.

ピーピーリカバー
PP Recover

PP Recover

ピーピーエイダー
PP Aider

PP Aider

ピーピーエイダー
PP Max

PP Max

タウリン
Taurine

Attack Up

(None given)

It'd be more interesting if we came up with names that could be points of discussion among players.

ブロムヘキシン
Bromhexine

Defend Up

インドメタシン
Indomethacin

Spped Up [sic]

Soldium [sic]

From "soldium" [sic], the chemical element / dietary supplement.

(None given)

リゾチウム
Lysozyme

Special Up

(None given)

It'd be more interesting if we came up with names that could be points of discussion among players.

Carbonate

From "carbonate", or the salt of carbonic acid.

(None given)

ピッピにんぎょう
Pippi Doll

Aria Doll

(None given)

Gives off strong opera vibes, like it's a music-related doll.

シルバースプレー
Silver Spray

Mid Repel

(None given)

"Mid" is used too frequently.

ゴールドスプレー
Gold Spray

Mid Spray

(None given)

The "Spray" items were changed to "Repel" items.

Hyper Repel

(None given)

(None given)

あなぬけのヒモ
Hole-Escape Cord

Escape Cord

(None given)

Escape Rope is better.

かみなりのいし
Lightning Stone

Flash Stone/Rock

(None given)

We want all these items to be named in the style of the Moon Stone.
"Stone" has a more mysterious image, which is why it's used in various RPGs.

ほのおのいし
Fire Stone

Fire Rock

We want all these items to be named in the style of the Moon Stone.

みずのいし
Water Stone

Water Rock

リーフのいし
Leaf Stone

Leaf Rock

つきのいし
Moon Stone

Moon Rock

きんのたま
Gold Ball

Gold Nugget

(None given)

The name "Gold Nugget" brings gold bars to mind.

おとどけもの
Parcel

Gift

(None given)

The package contains Poké Balls, so it would be odd for the protagonist to deliver it as a gift.

Oak's Box

Oak's Parcel is better.

ずかん
Illustrated Encyclopedia

Album

(None given)

Interpretation is different from the original name.

Pokepedia

Derived from "encyclopedia", a comprehensive reference book.

Name exceeds the character limit [of the main menu].

かいのかせき
Shellfish Fossil

Ess Fossil

(None given)

The Pokémon's name has been changed.

Old Ess

The "Old" prefix would cause confusion with the Old Rod.

こうらのかせき
Shell Fossil

Att Fossil

The Pokémon's name has been changed.

Old Att

The "Old" prefix would cause confusion with the Old Rod.

ひきかえけん
Voucher

Big Ticket

(None given)

"Big Ticket" is a fine for a violation.

Ticket

(None given)

シルフスコープ
Silph Scope

Samus Scope

"Samus" is a character from Metroid. She look like a Poké Ball.

There needs to be a connection with Silph Co.

ポケモンのふえ
Pokémon Flute

Flute

(None given)

Poké Flute is better.

きんのいれば
Gold Dentures

Fake Teeth

(None given)

The name doesn't suggest that the item is valuable.
If it was just a plain set of dentures that fell out, they wouldn't be picked up.

グレーバッジ
Gray Badge

Stone Badge

Names were chosen based on each badge's type and shape.

(None given)

ブルーバッジ
Blue Badge

Rain Badge

オレンジバッジ
Orange Badge

Shock Badge

レインボーバッジ
Rainbow Badge

Flower Badge

ゴールドバッジ
Gold Badge

Toxic Badge

クリムゾンバッジ
Crimson Badge

Flame Badge

Finalized Names#

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Katakana

Explanation

モンスターボール
Monster Ball

Poké Ball

ポケボール

The terms Monster Ball, Super Ball, and Hyper Ball can no longer be used due to trademark restrictions. As an alternative, we've renamed it "Poké Ball", since it's a ball for catching Pokémon. The equivalent name for the Super Ball is "Great Ball", and the next is "Ultra Ball". "Master Ball" remains unchanged.

スーパーボール
Super Ball

Great Ball

グレートボール

The terms Monster Ball, Super Ball, and Hyper Ball can no longer be used due to trademark restrictions. As an alternative, we've renamed it "Poké Ball", since it's a ball for catching Pokémon. We've renamed the Super Ball to the equivalent "Great Ball", a name proportional to the ball's strength.

ハイパーボール
Hyper Ball

Ultra Ball

ウルトラボール

The terms Monster Ball, Super Ball, and Hyper Ball can no longer be used due to trademark restrictions. As an alternative, we've renamed it "Poké Ball", since it's a ball for catching Pokémon. We've renamed the Hyper Ball to the equivalent "Ultra Ball", a name proportional to the ball's strength.

マスターボール
Master Ball

Master Ball

マスターボール

[Same description as Poké Ball.]

キズぐすり
Wound Medicine

Potion

ポーション

Wound Medicine has the image of [the liquid medicines] Makiron and Akachin, so we chose the name "Potion", which has the same liquid medicine image. Basically, it's a literal translation.

いいキズぐすり
Good Wound Medicine

Super Potion

スーパー ポーション

すごいキズぐすり
Amazing Wound Medicine

Hyper Potion

ハイパー ポーション

まんたんのくすり
Full Tank Medicine

Max Potion

マックス ポーション

かいふくのくすり
Recovery Medicine

Full Restore

フル リストア

We changed the wording a little [from the rejected "Restore Potion"].

まひなおし
Paralysis Repair

Parlyz Heal

パーリツ ヒール

We changed "repair" to "heal" and added what each one fixes.

やけどなおし
Burn Repair

Burn Heal

バーンヒール

こおりなおし
Ice Repair

Ice Heal

アイスヒール

なんでもなおし
Repair All

Full Heal

フルヒール

げんきのかけら
Vitality Fragment

Revive

リバイヴ

Its function is to bring a Pokémon back from fainting, so we used the word "revive" as a base. Adding "Max" to the word gives the impression that it will completely revive a Pokémon.

げんきのかたまり
Vitality Lump

Max Revive

マックス リバイヴ

おいしいみず
Tasty Water

Fresh Water

フレッシュウォーター

We chose to name them after drinks that actually exist.

サイコソーダ
Psycho Soda

Soda Pop

ソーダポップ

ミックスオレ
Mix au Lait

Lemonade

レモネイド

We chose to name them after drinks that actually exist. In the United States, au lait is usually associated with café au lait.

ピーピーエイド
PP Aid

Ether

イーサー

"Ether" means good medicine, so it's expected to bring good results, which means players will use it with confidence.
People here seem uncomfortable with saying "aid" or "aider" [because they sound similar to AIDS].

ピーピーリカバー
PP Recover

Max Ether

マックスイーサー

"Ether" means good medicine, so it's expected to bring good results, which means players will use it with confidence.

ピーピーエイダー
PP Aider

Elixer

エリクサー

"Elixer" means good medicine, so it's expected to bring good results, which means players will use it with confidence. Elixir [JP: エリクサー] means panacea.
People here seem uncomfortable saying "aid" or "aider" [because they sound similar to AIDS].

ピーピーエイダー
PP Max

Max Elixer

マックスエリクサー

"Elixer" means good medicine, so it's expected to bring good results, which means players will use it with confidence. Elixir [JP: エリクサー] means panacea.

マックスアップ
Max Up

HP Up

エイチピーアップ

They have the functions of "Increasing maximum PP" and "increasing the base HP of Pokémon". Since it was difficult to tell what their function was from just max and point, we added PP and HP to their names.

ポイントアップ
Point Up

PP Up

ピーピーアップ

タウリン
Taurine

Protein

プロテイン

From the nutrients "protein", "iron", and "calcium". "Carbos" is short for "carbohydrates".
We thought it would be more interesting to use names that could be points of discussion among players. so we deliberately used proper nouns. These words are often written on the back of food bags to indicate the percentage of each one. Children may know these words, but they won't necessarily know what they mean. It makes sense that protein is offensive, iron is defensive, etc. Similar in meaning to the Japanese names, these evoke the thought "I've heard these words a lot, but I don't really know what they mean."

ブロムヘキシン
Bromhexine

Iron

アイアン

インドメタシン
Indomethacin

Carbos

カーボス

リゾチウム
Lysozyme

Calcium

カルシウム

ふしぎなアメ
Mysterious Candy

Rare Candy

レアキャンディ

"Mysterious" candy; it's an item that raises a Pokémon's level by one. When we tried translating fushigi (ふしぎ) to English, we couldn't find a word that would fit [the character limit], so we instead chose a name based on its rarity.

プラスパワー
Plus Power

X Attack

エックスアタック

These items only increase states during battle, so we used the word "extreme" to make their respective effects clear. Adding "X" to each name makes them consistent.
"X" was also chosen to evoke the image of something unknown, so that players could use them to see their precise effects.

ディフェンダー
Defender

X Defend

エックスデフェンド

スピーダー
Speeder

X Speed

エックススピード

スペシャルアップ
Special Up

X Special

エックススペシャル

エフェクトガード
Effect Guard

Guard Spec.

ガードスペック

"Spec." is short for "special". It's an item that guards against [status-lowering] effects, but the original name implies that it's guarding against all effects. Since using it has the effect of guarding against special attacks [in this case meaning status moves, not attacks that use the Special stat], we named it "Guard Special", but that name was too long, we shortened it to "Guard Spec."

クリティカッター
Criticutter

Dire Hit

ダイアー ヒット

"Criticutter" would be hard to understand, and "Critical Cutter" was too long. Since the item makes it easier to get critical hits during combat, we combined "dire" (extreme / frightening) and "hit".

ピッピにんぎょう
Pippi Doll

Poké Doll

ポケドール

At the time, Pippi's English name hadn't been decided, and there was also issues with the character limit, so we ended up with that name. It expresses that it's a doll of a Pokémon.

むしよけスプレー
Repellent Spray

Repel

リペル

"Repel" means repellent. We thought it would be better to express the effectiveness of the repellent in stages, so we picked "super" and "max".

シルバースプレー
Silver Spray

Super Repel

スーパー リペル

ゴールドスプレー
Gold Spray

Max Repel

マックス リペル

あなぬけのヒモ
Hole-Escape Cord

Escape Rope

エスケイプ

This was initially called "Escape Cord", but we wanted a word that would sound stronger than "cord", so we chose "rope". The image of the Hole-Escape Cord is an ordinary cord that you could find anywhere.

かみなりのいし
Lightning Stone

Thunderstone

サンダーストーン

These were initially going to be "rocks", but in terms of size, "stone" seems smaller than "rock".
"Thunderstone" is the only name without a space due to the 12 character limit.
"Stone" has a more enigmatic image, which is why it's used in various RPGs.
In Japan, the stones were named as if they were sacred objects. The names were all derived from the Moon Stone [つきのいし], so they all follow the same format. Since they're sacred objects, They're "stones" rather than "rocks". The naming was also inspired by Disney's Touchstone Pictures.

ほのおのいし
Fire Stone

Fire Stone

ファイヤーストーン

These were initially going to be "rocks", but in terms of size, "stone" seems smaller than "rock".
"Stone" has a more enigmatic image, which is why it's used in various RPGs.
In Japan, the stones were named as if they were sacred objects. The names were all derived from the Moon Stone [つきのいし], so they all follow the same format. Since they're sacred objects, They're "stones" rather than "rocks". The naming was also inspired by Disney's Touchstone Pictures.

みずのいし
Water Stone

Water Stone

ウォーターストーン

リーフのいし
Leaf Stone

Leaf Stone

リーフストーン

つきのいし
Moon Stone

Moon Stone

ムーンストーン

きんのたま
Gold Ball

Nugget

ナゲット

We thought it would be fine to translate Gold Ball as "Nugget", since it means "gold in an indeterminate shape". If we translated it as "Gold Nugget" it would mean a bar of gold, so we shortened it to just "Nugget". "Nugget" is a word that lacks a defined form or shape.

ダウジングマシン
Dowsing Machine

Itemfinder

アイテムファインダー

The word "dowsing" would be too advanced for kids, so we picked a name that would be easy for American children to understand.

がくしゅうそうち
Learning Device

Exp. All

イーエクスピーオール

Since every Pokémon gains experience even if they don't take part in battle, we decided on "Exp. All", meaning "all Pokémon gain experience".
*Changed to "Exp. Share" in Gold & Silver due to mechanical changes.

おとどけもの
Parcel

Oak's Parcel

オークス パーセル

The word "parcel" doesn't have a strong connection with the post office. Sounds natural since the item is held with the intention of being delivered.

ずかん
Illustrated Encyclopedia

Pokédex

ボケデックス

From "index" and "dex", as in knowledge [???]. Gives the image of getting information or knowledge from an index. Also from "Roledex" [sic], a rotating business card holder.
The name also has a connection to the American TV anime dub.
In the anime, the Pokédex explains Pokémon as if it were human. There's a person's name hidden in the word "Pokédex"; "Dex" can also be interpreted as a shortening of the masculine name "Dexter".

かいのかせき
Shellfish Fossil

Helix Fossil

ヘリックス フォシル

The English translation for kai [かい] would be "shellfish", which in terms of character count is quite lengthy. We thought about how to approach naming these items, and decided to choose names based on their shapes. "Helix" comes from its spiral-like appearance (since it's an Omanyte).
Kaseki [カセキ], in terms of image, is more like a remnant or vestige than a fossil. It's restored in an event after the player obtains it.

こうらのかせき
Shell Fossil

Dome Fossil

ドーム フォシル

The English translation for koura [こうら] would be "shell", which in terms of character count is quite lengthy. We thought about how to approach naming these items, and decided to choose names based on their shapes. "Dome" comes from its semicircular appearance (since it's a Kabuto).
Kaseki [カセキ], in terms of image, is more like a remnant or vestige than a fossil. It's restored in an event after the player obtains it.

ひきかえけん
Voucher

Bike Voucher

バイクバウチャー

A "voucher" is an exchange ticket or coupon. The name can be used in-game without issue.

ボロのつりざお
Worn-Out Fishing Rod

Old Rod

オールド ラド

We use the word "rod" to refer to all of the fishing rods. When searching for an English word for boro [lit. "worn-out"], we thought that "old" would be the most appropriate.

ボロのつりざお
Good Fishing Rod

Good Rod

グッド ラド

We use the word "rod" to refer to all of the fishing rods.

すごいつりざお
Amazing Fishing Rod

Super Rod

スーパー ラド

[Same description as Old Rod.]

ふねのチケット
Ship Ticket

S.S. Ticket

エスエスチケット

In Japan, ships are named __-maru [丸] or __-gou [号], but in the United States, the prefix "S.S." is often used. This is an artifact from the era of steamships, but it's still used today.

エレベーターのかぎ
Elevator Key

Lift Key

リフトキー

Since "elevator" would have been too long, we decided to use the synonym "lift".

ポケモンのふえ
Pokémon Flute

Poké Flute

ポケフルート

Tatebue [literally "vertical flute" or "recorder"] is also "flute". Literal translation.

きんのいれば
Gold Dentures

Gold Teeth

ゴールドティース

The Gold Dentures are unchanged. We wanted to emphasize the "gold" aspect that makes the item seem valuable, which makes players want to pick them up. This was opposed to our original choice, "Fake Teeth", which instead emphasized that they were dentures.
This is an item that's required for an event. If something is gold and shiny, it's easy to find even in a large open area, which is where the original name comes from.

グレーバッジ
Gray Badge

Boulder Badge

ボウルダーバッジ

From "boulder", a large round stone found in riverbanks, etc.

ブルーバッジ
Blue Badge

Cascade Badge

カスケイドバッジ

From "cascade", meaning a small waterfall.

オレンジバッジ
Orange Badge

Thunder Badge

サンダーバッジ

From "thunder", as in lightning & thunder.

レインボーバッジ
Rainbow Badge

Rainbow Badge

レインボウバッジ

From "rainbow".

ピンクバッジ
Pink Badge

Soul Badge

ソウルバッジ

From "soul".

ゴールドバッジ
Gold Badge

Marsh Badge

マーシュバッジ

From "marsh", meaning a toxic swamp.

クリムゾンバッジ
Crimson Badge

Volcano Badge

ボルケーノバッジ

From "volcano".

グリーンバッジ
Green Badge

Earth Badge

アースバッジ

From "Earth", as in the planet Earth.

Locations#

Rejected Names#

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Explanation

マサラタウン
Masara Town

Crystal

As in a crystal, since it's completely spotless / transparent.

Daiamond

As in diamonds.

トキワシティ
Tokiwa City

Emerald

From the emerald gemstone.

ニビシティ
Nibi City

Quarttz

As in a quartz crystal.

ハナダシティ
Hanada City

Opal

From the opal gemstone.

クチバシティ
Kuchiba City

Topaz

From the topaz gemstone.

シオンタウン
Shion Town

Garnet

From the garnet gemstone.

タマムシシティ
Tamamushi City

Saffire

From the sapphire gemstone.

ヤマブキシティ
Yamabuki City

Jade

From the jade gemstone.

セキチクシティ
Sekichiku City

Coral

From the coral gemstone. A crimson color.

ふたご島
Twin Islands

Pearl Islands

From the pearl gemstone.

グレン島
Guren Island

Ruby

From the ruby gemstone.

セキエイ高原
Seikei Plateau

Peridot

From the peridot gemstone.

All of the town names have the same explanation:

Japanese

色を基調にした案。米国では日本より色の表現が乏しく、真正面から変わった色名を付けると、逆にチープに鳴ってしまう為、色を重視しつつ人々の印象に残る宝石をベースに、ゲーム内容とSGB(スーパーゲームボーイ)のカラーリングとマッチするように宝石の色を選んだ。イメージを崩さず格好良く命名できた。

Translated

A color-based proposal. In the United States, color expression is poorer than it is in Japan. If we gave them strange color names, they would sound lame. Instead, we chose gemstones that matched the color of the original names, and which would also leave a strong impression on the player. These names match the color of the towns in the SGB (Super Game Boy). We were able to come up with cool names that also didn't destroy the impression of the original names.

...and the same rejection reason...

Japanese

宝石の色は、水晶やエメラルド等であればある程度色は分かるが、それ以外はアバウトにしか憶えていないものなのでNG。

Translated

Rejected, because while some gemstones, like quartz, emeralds, etc., have clearly associated colors, the color profile for other gemstones is harder to remember.

...except for "Daiamond", which was rejected earlier than the other names:

Japanese

ダイヤではゴールのイメージがあり(旅の始まりの印象がない)事や、他の宝石とのバランスが取れないのでNG。

Translated

Rejected because diamonds give the image of a goal to reach, not the start of a journey, and it's out-of-balance with the other gemstones.

Finalized Names#

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Katakana

Explanation

マサラタウン
Masara Town

Pallet Town

パレット シティ[sic]

The start of the adventure. A town that, unlike the rest of the towns in the game, has yet to be dyed any particular color. If interpreted that way, the player get the impression of a tray with art materials (or "palette") instead of it being white. If the first game package someone picks up is Pokémon Red, then they'll have a red image as they progress through the game. For those who buy multiple versions of the game, the meaning of "palette" will be even stronger. It's also easy to pronounce Pallet Town.

トキワシティ
Tokiwa City

Viridian City

ビリジアン シティ

"Viridian" is the color of bright green grass.

ニビシティ
Nibi City

Pewter City

ピューター シティ

"Pewter" is lead gray. It also means an object made of tin or lead. The color of stone.

ハナダシティ
Hanada City

Cerulean City

シルーリアン シティ

"Cerulean" is a light blue color. Rather than just using "blue", we picked cerulean, a blue oil paint, as a substitute.

クチバシティ
Kuchiba City

Vermilion City

バーミリャン シティ

"Vermilion" is the color of sunsets. Has a cool image because it's used infrequently.

シオンタウン
Shion Town

Lavender Town

ラベンダー タウン

"Lavender", as in the color lavender. In Japan, the lavender plant is well-known, but in the United States, people think of the color before they think of the plant. It's not as familiar as purple from the same color group, but the positive impression (good smell) of lavender perfume lead us to the name. A cool yet unfamiliar name.

タマムシシティ
Tamamushi City

Celadon City

セラドン シティ

"Celadon" is a vibrant mixture of blue and green; a color used in oil paintings.

ヤマブキシティ
Yamabuki City

Saffron City

サフラン シティ

A direct translation would be "Yellow" or "Gold", but neither are recommended: "Yellow" brings to mind the image of an Asian town (skin color), and "Gold" brings to mind gambling or the pioneer era. In American slang, "Yellow" means Asian, "Red" means Native American. "Saffron" is a bright yellow color, from the plant of the same name.

セキチクシティ
Sekichiku City

Fuchsia City

フーシャ シティ

"Fuchsia" is a beautiful pink color derived from the fuchsia plant (A shrub found in tropical regions).

ふたご島
Twin Islands

Seafoam Islands

シーフォームアイランズ

"Seafoam" is a color used in oil paintings for the deep blue of the sea. No other meaning, but the word "sea" evokes the image of an island floating in the sea; the "twin" / "two" aspect [from the Japanese name] is absent.

グレン島
Guren Island

Cinnabar Island

シナバー アイランド

"Cinnabar" is a red used in oil paintings (A standard red), or mercury sulfide. The name was chosen because it sounds similar to "cinnamon", which in the United States has a strong association with red (One reason is that there's a famous cinnamon gum called "Big Red" that comes in a bright red package).

セキエイ高原
Seikei Plateau

Indigo Plateau

インディゴ プラトー

"Indigo", as in the color indigo or the true indigo plant. Expresses the anxious feeling of meeting the Elite Four and the Champion.

All location names have the same additional explanation at the end:

Japanese

通常生活の再使用頻度が高くないが、聞いた事のあるかもしれない色、音的にCOOLなもの。意味やイメージもできる限り重なり合うものを選択し、ぱっと見たら色の種類とすぐに分からないが、一覧表にすると納得できるようになっている。架空の地名。SGBで色確認済み。日本人と米国人ではイメージ・感覚が異なる。

Translated

These are colors that are not used frequently in everyday life, but that you might have heard of, and that sound cool. We selected colors that overlapped as much as possible with the originals in appearance and meaning. Though people might not recognize them as color shades at first, when compiled into a list, their meaning becomes clear. These are fictional names for locations. We've confirmed that the names match the colors used on the Super Game Boy. The image and sensibilities of Japanese people and Americans differ.

Characters#

Rejected Names#

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Explanation

Reason for Rejection

サトシ
Satoshi

Casey

The name can be used by both men and women, and the ending "ey" evokes a link between the hero and rival. The name gives the impression of someone who's confident, outdoorsy, and has some degree of intelligence.

The name is too close to the Pokémon Casey [EN: Abra].

Chris

(None given)

Too plain. There are many similar names such as Christopher, Christian, etc.

Pat

Lacks impact and gives a weak impression. It's not unique.

Cory

Gives off a strong impression of a typical teen idol; Fledman[sic], Haim, etc.

Jacky

A name from the 70s. Doesn't seem like an American name; rather, it gives the impression of a name that a foreigner would come up with for an American.

Morgan

This name is more British than American and is largely associated with rich people.

Terry

A name from the 70s. Brings to mind the American fabric "terrycloth", leaving a cheap impression.

Ashley

It's rather feminine and nasal.

Ash Tosi

Satoshi has been split up and rearranged. The last name, "Tosi", has an Asian feel, giving it an exotic vibe. It's rather unusual, but not unheard of. The good thing is that if a name becomes mainstream, it won't seem as strange, like Han Solo or Luke Skywalker from Star Wars. Still, the name isn't recommended highly.

(None given)

シゲル
Shigeru

Bailey

The name can be used by both men and women, and the ending "ey" evokes a link between the hero and rival. A spoiled, British-sounding name (snob), unique but not unnatural.

(None given)

Geri Shu

Shigeru has been split up and rearranged. The last name, "Shu", has an Asian feel, giving it an exotic vibe. It's rather unusual, but not unheard of. The good thing is that if a name becomes mainstream, it won't seem as strange, like Han Solo or Luke Skywalker from Star Wars. Still, the name isn't recommended highly.

タケシ
Takeshi

Rocky

Taken from "Rock", because he's the Rock-type Gym Leader.

"Rocky is in charge of the gym" is going to make people think of the Rocky movies.

Cypress

From the cypress tree. Evokes the image of someone who's reliable, and it matches his spiky hair. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Brock is better.

カスミ
Kasumi

Lilly

From "Lily pad", a lily floating on the water's surface. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Misty is better. [In Pokémon the Series, one of the Sensational Sisters, which are Misty's sisters, ended up being named Lily.]

マチス
Matisse

Crocuss

From the crocus plant. The word has a strong impression. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Lt.Surge is better.

エリカ
Erika

Dhalia

From the dahlia plant. We used the name of a tender flower to evoke a modest, feminine image. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Erika is better [and matches the Japanese name].

Holly

From the holly olive plant. We used the name of a tender flower to evoke a modest, sacred image. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

キョウ
Kyou

Iga

Since he's obviously dressed like a ninja, he was given a ninja name: Iga, from Iga and Koga.

"Iga" sounds too much like "ego" and gives a negative impression.

Bonsai

From the bonsai tree. Since he's a ninja, we picked a plant that reminds people of Japan. Bonsai [盆栽] is "Banzai Tree", but the official name is "Bonsai". As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Koga is better.

ナツメ
Natsume

Zinnia

From the zinnia plant. Since she has a relatively "evil" image, we thought of her as one of the bosses. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Sabrina is better.

カツラ
Katsura

Coleman

"Coleman" gives the impression of a man of a certain age. "Coal"[sic] is pronounced similar to "coal", which can be used to describe a Fire-type user. The name is also used by a well-known camping equipment brand that mainly sells lamps and tents.

(None given, but likely rejected due to trademark concerns)

Basil

From the basil plant. Perhaps because it's been around for a long time, it's seen as being something for the elderly. Like Japanese pepper, this is used as a secret ingredient, because even a small grain of it is spicy. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Blaine is better.

サカキ
Sakaki

Hemlock

From the hemlock plant. It's a small white flower but it's poisonous, giving an evil impression. We also chose it because it sounds similar to the word "Warlock". As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Giovanni is better.

カンナ
Kanna

Laurel

From the laurel tree. This is actually a common name in the United States, and it sounds similar to "Lorerei"[sic], so it fits the image of someone who controls sea and Ice-related Pokémon. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Lorelei is better.

シバ
Siba

Sqruce[sic]

From the spruce tree. Sounds similar to "Bruce", and brings to mind a muscular man. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Bruno is better.

キクコ
Kikuko

Hazel

From the hazel tree. This was popular name in the early 20th century, so it brings to mind someone who's elderly. The color hazel also suggests something that's withering. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Agatha is better.

ワタル
Wataru

Leif

Derived from "leaf". It's an out-of-the-ordinary name for a man. We gave him a straightforward name because it's the boss of plant names. As in Japan, this is based on the name of a plant.

Lance is better.

短パン小僧
Shorts Youngster

Short Boy

(None given)

The name makes it sound like he's a boy who's short.

Short Pants Boy

Name exceeds the character limit.

理科系の男
Science Guy

Science Nerd

(None given)

He's a science guy, not a science nerd, so we want to make this more vague.

ボーイスカウト
Boy Scout

Boyscout

(None given; literal translation)

These are actual organizations. [In Gold and Silver, names of these Trainer types were changed in all languages.]

ガールスカウト
Girl Scout

Girlscout

(None given; literal translation)

スキンヘッズ
Skinhead

Skinhead

(None given; literal translation)

This word has come to represent neo-Nazis.

Finalized Names#

Name (JP)

Name (EN)

Katakana

Explanation

サトシ
Satoshi

Ash Ketchum

アッシュ・ケッチャム

We split Satoshi into "s-a-t-o-s-h-i", and used those letters to get "Ash". Since he's an important character, we wanted to emphasize that even though his name has changed, the sound of the name will still remind you of Satoshi.

"Ketchum" has the same pronounciation as "Gotta Catch'em all!", and is also an actual name. "Cetchium"[sic] would be boring, so we changed the C to a K. (The last name was added for the anime.)

シゲル
Shigeru

Gary Oak

ゲーリー・オーク

We split Shigeru into "s-h-i-g-e-r-u", and rearranged the letters to get "Geri". This was then changed to "Gary" to make it sound more natural. "Oak" comes from his grandfather, Professor Oak.

オーキドはかせ
Dr. Okido

Prof.Oak

プロフェッサー・オーク

An oak is a deciduous tree, similar in pronunciation to the Japanese name. In the United States, this name gives off an impression of being long-lived and wise / reliable, and it doesn't sound out of place as a person's name. It's also listed in the phone book.

タケシ
Takeshi

Brock

ブロック

From the word "Rock", because he's a Rock-type gym leader. It's not a common name, but it's not unheard of.

カスミ
Kasumi

Misty

ミスティ

Literal translation: kasumi = mist. Adding a Y to the end makes it a girl's name. Fits the image of a Water-based gym leader.

マチス
Matisse

Lt.Surge

ルーテナント・サージ

He's a former soldier and has a tough appearance, so he was given a name that reflects that. The "Lt." (Lieutenant) is so you call from a glance that he's a soldier. "Surge" (Flow of electricity) is how you can tell his type.

エリカ
Erika

Erika

エリカ

No change; it can be used as an English name. Typical girl's name, but it gives off a dreamy and graceful impression. It feels natural.

キョウ
Kyou

Koga

コガ

Since he's obviously dressed like a ninja, he was given a ninja name: Koga, from Iga and Koga.

ナツメ
Natsume

Sabrina

サブリナ

In the United States, the name "Sabrina" gives off the image of a witch-like girl (A girl who does mysterious things). Since she's a psychic girl, she was given a name that evokes a girl with mysterious powers (i.e. a magician). Also gives off the impression of a being a mischievous and cute girl.

カツラ
Katsura

Blaine

ブレイン

Since he's a Fire-type Pokémon user, we based the name on the word "Flame". Since he likes riddles, we added the word "Brain". "Flame" + "Brain" combined give us "Blaine".

サカキ
Sakaki

Giovanni

ジョヴァンニ

He's the boss of Team Rocket, so he has a dignified name. We wanted a name that wouldn't be used by a typical person, so we chose one that would give the impression of an Italian boss and would be acceptable in the United States. It gives the impression of a man who does evil deeds and lives a glamorous life.

カンナ
Kanna

Lorelei

ローレライ

Since she's an Ice-type Pokémon user, her name was chosen to give the impression of a sea witch (siren). It's a name we're not accustomed to hearing, making it rare and valuable, and a fitting name for one of the Elite Four.

シバ
Siba

Bruno

ビルーノ

In the United States, the name "Bruno" is associated with a macho tough guy. The name sounds similar to the word "Bruiser", someone who's good at fighting; he fights barehanded without weapons.

キクコ
Kikuko

Agatha

アガサ

It seems like a popular female name in the 1920-1930s, so today it sounds like the name of an old woman. At the same time, it sounds like the name of a longtime bachelorette, or a cranky old lady. It's like wanting to get a ball that landed in a neighbor's yard, but you're too scared of the old lady that lives there to go get it.

ワタル
Wataru

Lance

ラーンス

"Lancelot" is the name of a knight in the service of Arthur, King of the Round Table. The name evokes the scent of the Middle Ages, and evokes things like "swords", "magic", "knights", and "dragons". Also has the image of a brave warrior.

マサキ
Masaki

Bill

ビル

Considering he uses his expertise to manage the Pokémon Bank systems and established the Pokémon World network, we borrowed the name of Bill Gates from the Microsoft Corporation. The word "Bill" is also associated with paper money, which is in turn associated with banking (lending and borrowing).

短パン小僧
Shorts Youngster

Youngster

ヤングスター

"Youngster" is a young boy, about 7-13 years old (before teenage years) in age. It's used by older people to refer to children and is very similar to kozou [小僧].

ミニスカート
Miniskirt

Lass

ラス

"Lass" is a term for a young woman.

理科系の男
Science Guy

Super Nerd

スーパーネード

"Nerd", as in otaku. We used the word "super" to obfuscate what kind of nerd he is.

火事場泥棒
Post-fire looter

Burglar

バーグラー

As in a robber or housebreaker.

スキンヘッズ
Skinhead

Cue Ball

キューボール

Literal translation: "Cue Ball" = Bald head. Gives off a rather cool impression.